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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 13, 2013.

Registration No. 333-188186

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive
Lobby K
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
(800) 556-0311
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Dominick C. Colangelo
President and Chief Executive Officer
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
Lobby K
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
(800) 556-0311
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, check the following box.

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

(1)         This Registration Statement also relates to the rights to purchase shares of Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of the Registrant which are attached to all shares of Common Stock outstanding as of, and issued subsequent to, August 15, 2011, pursuant to the terms of the Registrant’s Shareholder Rights Agreement dated August 11, 2011 as amended on March 9, 2012.  Until the occurrence of certain prescribed events, the Rights are not exercisable, are evidenced by the certificates for the Common Stock and will be transferred with and only with such stock.

(2)         Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.

(3)         Includes the shares of common stock that the underwriters have an option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.

(4)         The registrant previously paid the registration fee of $3,410 in connection with the initial filing of this registration statement.

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated May 13, 2013.

Prospectus

$25,000,000

Common Stock

We are offering $25,000,000 of shares to be sold in this offering.

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ASTM.”  On May 8, 2013, the closing price for our common stock was $0.59 per share.

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  You should review carefully the risks and uncertainties described under the heading “Risk Factors” contained in this prospectus beginning on page 16 and any applicable prospectus supplement, and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

(1) See “Underwriting” in this prospectus for a description of compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to $3,750,000 of additional shares of our common stock to cover overallotments, if any, at the public offering price per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions.  If the underwriters exercise the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us will be $            and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $           .

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock on or about                         , 2013.

JMP Securities

The date of this prospectus is             , 2013.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

You may rely only on the information provided or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the documents incorporated herein and therein by reference, or in a prospectus supplement or amendment thereto.  We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.  We and the underwriters are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted.  The information contained in this prospectus, any free writing prospectus, or document incorporated by reference is accurate only as of its date, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock.

You should read this prospectus together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” below.  In various places in this prospectus, we refer you to sections for additional information by indicating the caption heading of the other sections.  All cross-references in this prospectus are to captions contained in this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered by this prospectus.  This prospectus, which forms a part of the registration statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC.  For further information with respect to us and the securities offered by this prospectus, reference is made to the registration statement.

Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document that we have filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are qualified in their entirety by reference to the exhibits for a complete statement of their terms and conditions.

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act and, in accordance therewith, file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.  You may read and copy any document we file, including the registration statement, at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the Public Reference Room.  These documents also may be accessed through the SEC’s electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval system, or EDGAR, via electronic means, including the SEC’s home page on the Internet (www.sec.gov).  You may also inspect the registration statement on this website.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This prospectus incorporates by reference important business and financial information that we file with the SEC and that we are not including in or delivering with this prospectus.  As the SEC allows, incorporated documents are considered part of this prospectus, and we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents.  We incorporate by reference the documents listed below:

·                  our annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2012, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2013;

·                  our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, filed with the SEC on May 8, 2013;

·                  our current reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2013, March 29, 2013, April 9, 2013, April 23, 2013 (including exhibit 99.1 thereto), May 3, 2013, and May 13, 2013;

·                  our definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders, filed with the SEC on March 22, 2013;

·                  the description of the rights to purchase shares of our Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock contained in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on August 12, 2011, including any amendment or report for the purpose of updating such description; and

·                  the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form S-1, which was filed with the SEC on November 1, 1996, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

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Pursuant to Rule 412 under the Securities Act, any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

You may request a copy of any or all of these filings, at no cost, by writing to us at: Aastrom Biosciences, Inc., 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby K, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, attention: Investor Relations or by telephoning us at (800) 556-0311.  These filings may also be obtained through our website located at http://www.aastrom.com.  The reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference and, except for the documents incorporated by reference as noted above, the information on, or accessible through, our website is not intended to be part of this prospectus.

You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any supplement.  We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information.  You should not assume that information in this prospectus or any supplement is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of these documents.

We advise that there have been no material changes in our affairs that have occurred since the end of the latest fiscal period for which audited financial statements were included in the latest Form 10-K and that have not been described in a Form 8-K filed under the Exchange Act.

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AASTROM BIOSCIENCES, INC.

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus.  It may not contain all of the information that is important to you.  You should read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the discussion regarding the risks of investing in our securities under the heading “Risk Factors,” before investing in our securities.  In this prospectus, “Aastrom,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.  Please refer to our Glossary at the end of this Prospectus for certain industry-specific and technical definitions.

Business

Business Overview

We were incorporated in 1989 and are a biotechnology company focused on the development of innovative cell therapies to repair or regenerate damaged or diseased tissues.  We are developing patient-specific, expanded multicellular therapies for use in the treatment of severe, chronic ischemic cardiovascular diseases.  We believe ixmyelocel-T (the generic name for our multicellular therapy) is a disease modifying therapy with multi-functional properties including: tissue remodeling, immunomodulation and the promotion of angiogenesis.  Our proprietary cell-manufacturing technology enables the manufacture of multicellular therapies, expanded from an adult patient’s own bone marrow, to be delivered directly to damaged tissues.  Preclinical and clinical data suggest that ixmyelocel-T may be safe and effective in treating patients with severe, chronic ischemic cardiovascular diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the third leading cause of heart failure, and critical limb ischemia (CLI), the most severe form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD).  Over 400 patients have been safely treated since our inception, with over 200 of those using ixmyelocel-T.  During the fourth quarter of 2012, we launched a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded Phase 2b clinical trial (ixCELL-DCM) for patients with advance heart failure due to ischemic DCM.  In November 2011, we released positive Phase 2b data from our RESTORE-CLI clinical trial and launched our pivotal Phase 3 REVIVE trial in CLI in February 2012.

On March 27, 2013, we announced a strategic change in our research and development programs to focus on the clinical development of ixmyelocel-T for the treatment of advanced heart failure due to ischemic DCM.  We believe heart failure represents a significant unmet medical need and a growing public health problem.  DCM is the third leading cause of heart failure and the leading cause of heart transplantation in the U.S.  A majority of advanced heart failure patients that are refractory to medical therapy have DCM, which leads us to believe that the refractory ischemic DCM market represents a substantial market opportunity for ixmyelocel-T.  The DCM program has received a U.S. Orphan Drug designation, and we believe that this orphan designation will allow us to pursue this heart failure indication with a more cost-effective path to approval for ixmyelocel-T.

As a result of the strategic change, we stopped enrollment of patients and are ending the Phase 3 REVIVE clinical trial in patients with CLI.  In addition, we are executing a corporate restructuring that we expect will reduce staff and ongoing operating cash needs by approximately 50 percent.  As a result, we recorded a one-time restructuring charge of approximately $400,000 in the first quarter of 2013, primarily representing cash payments for severance and other personnel-related expenses.  Severance payments will be paid out during the second quarter of 2013 and will continue into the fourth quarter of 2013.

Our Therapy

Ixmyelocel-T is a patient-specific, expanded multicellular therapy developed using our proprietary, fully-closed, automated processing system.  Ixmyelocel-T is a product derived from an adult patient’s own bone marrow but it is significantly enhanced compared with the original bone marrow.  Our process enhances the patient’s bone marrow mononuclear cells by expanding the mesenchymal stromal cells and M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages while retaining many of the hematopoietic cells.  These cell types, known to regulate the immune response, are important in the resolution of pathologic inflammation and tissue repair.  The manufacture of our patient-specific, expanded multicellular therapies is done under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and current Good Tissue

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Practices (cGTP) guidelines required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Our therapy has several features that we believe are primarily responsible for success in treating adult patients with severe, chronic cardiovascular diseases:

Patient-specific (autologous) — we start with the patient’s own cells, which are accepted by the patient’s immune system allowing the cells to integrate into existing functional tissues.  We believe that this characteristic of our therapy eliminates both the risk of rejection and of having to use immunosuppressive therapy pre- or post-therapy.  Our data also suggests that ixmyelocel-T provides the potential for long-term engraftment and tissue repair.

Expanded — we begin with a small amount of bone marrow from the patient (up to 60 ml) and significantly expand the number of certain cell types, primarily CD90+ (mesenchymal stromal cells or MSCs) and CD14+autofluorescent+ (M2-like anti-inflammatory macrophages) to a substantially greater number than are present in the patient’s own bone marrow (up to 200 times the number of certain cell types compared with the starting bone marrow).

Multicellular — we believe the multiple cell types in ixmyelocel-T, which are normally found in bone marrow but in smaller quantities, possess the key functions required for reducing chronic inflammation and promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis.  By reducing inflammation, we believe ixmyelocel-T provides the ideal conditions to allow for the growth of new tissue and blood vessels.

Minimally invasive — our procedure for taking bone marrow (an “aspirate”) can be performed in an out-patient setting and takes approximately 15 minutes.  For DCM, administration of ixmyelocel-T is performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.  A catheter, similar to those used for balloon angioplasty and stenting is inserted and 12-20 direct injections into the heart muscle are performed in a one-time procedure.  For diseases such as CLI, the administration of ixmyelocel-T is performed in an out-patient setting (e.g. a physician’s office) in a one-time, approximately 20 minute procedure.

Safe — bone marrow and bone marrow-derived therapies have been used safely and efficaciously in medicine for over three decades.  Our product, ixmyelocel-T, a bone marrow-derived, patient-specific, expanded multicellular therapy, leverages this body of scientific study and medical experience, and appears well tolerated in over 400 patients treated to date.

Cell Composition

Ixmyelocel-T is the only multicellular product known to have expanded cell populations of both MSCs and M-2 like anti-inflammatory macrophages.  We believe that our therapy is best suited for chronic, ischemic diseases with significant inflammation.  Our multicellular therapy could be ideal to modulate inflammation and allow for remodeling of ischemic tissue and angiogenesis.

Manufacturing Process

Our therapy is produced at our cell manufacturing facility in the United States, located at our headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Clinical Development Programs

Our clinical development programs are focused on addressing areas of high unmet medical needs in severe, chronic ischemic cardiovascular diseases.  We have completed our Phase 1/2 clinical trials in DCM and launched the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded Phase 2b ixCELL-DCM clinical trial in the fourth quarter of 2012.  Our DCM development program has received Orphan Drug designation from the FDA.

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*Not an active program

**Investigator-sponsored trial (University of Michigan)

Results to date in our clinical trials may not be indicative of results obtained from subsequent patients enrolled in those trials or from future clinical trials.  Further, our future clinical trials may not be successful or we may not be able to obtain the required Biologic License Application (BLA) approval to commercialize our products in the United States in a timely fashion, or at all.  See “Risk Factors”.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background

DCM is a severe, chronic cardiovascular disease that leads to weakening of the heart muscle, enlargement of the heart, and reduction of the pumping function of the heart to the point that blood circulation is impaired.  Patients with DCM typically present with symptoms of congestive heart failure, including limitations in physical activity and shortness of breath.  DCM is now the third leading cause of heart failure and the leading cause of heart transplantation in the U.S.  There are two types of DCM: ischemic and non-ischemic.  Ischemic DCM, the most common form representing an estimated 60% of all DCM patients, is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  These refractory ischemic DCM patients are currently the target patient population for our clinical development of ixmyelocel-T, with approximately 175,000 patients in the U.S. alone.   Patient prognosis depends on the stage and cause of the disease but is typically characterized by a very poor quality of life and a high mortality rate.

Current treatments for refractory ischemic DCM patients are limited to heart transplantation and placement of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs).  There are less than 2,500 heart transplantations in the U.S. each year.  Many refractory DCM patients are not eligible for heart transplantation and transplants are extremely expensive at an estimated cost of over $1 million.  LVADs are also expensive at an estimated cost of over $175,000 and have a mortality rate of 50% at two years.

In February 2007, the FDA granted Orphan Drug designation to ixmyelocel-T for the treatment of DCM.  Our DCM development program is currently in Phase 2b clinical development.  We recently completed follow up on two U.S. Phase 1/2 trials investigating surgical and catheter-based delivery for our product in the treatment of DCM.  The final results from these Phase 1/2 clinical trials were presented at the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) meeting on May 10, 2012.

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Surgical Trial Program — DCM

We completed enrollment of 40 ischemic and non-ischemic DCM patients in the IMPACT-DCM clinical trial in January 2010 and the final patient was treated in March 2010.  Participants in the IMPACT-DCM clinical trial were required to have New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV heart failure, a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than or equal to 30% (60-75% is typical for a healthy person), and meet other eligibility criteria, including optimized medical therapy.  Patients were randomized in an approximate 3:1 ratio of treatment to control group.  Patients in the treatment group received our therapy through direct injection into the heart muscle during minimally invasive-surgery (involving a chest incision of approximately 2 inches).  The primary objective of this study was to assess the safety of ixmyelocel-T in patients with DCM.  Efficacy measures included cardiac dimensions and tissue mass, cardiac function (e.g., cardiac output, LVEF, cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters), cardiac perfusion and viability, as well as other efficacy endpoints.  NYHA functional class and quality of life were also assessed.  Patients were followed for 12 months after treatment with an additional two year follow-up phone call recently completed for all patients.

Catheter Trial Program — DCM

The Catheter-DCM clinical trial was designed to explore catheter-based direct injection delivery of ixmyelocel-T to treat DCM patients.  This multi-center, randomized, controlled, prospective, open-label, Phase 2 study enrolled DCM patients at clinical sites across the United States.

We reported final 12-month results from the Catheter-DCM Phase 2 trial at the SCAI 2012 Scientific Sessions on May 10, 2012.  The trial included 22 ischemic DCM (IDCM) and non-ischemic DCM (NIDCM) patients with a NYHA heart failure class of III or IV, or moderate to severe heart failure, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 30 percent or less, which is a measure of how much blood leaves the heart with each pump.  Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive an injection of the treatment into their heart muscles or to a control group, and were followed at three, six and 12 months.  After 12 months, no procedural complications were reported and adverse events were comparable among patients who received the treatment and the control group.  IDCM patients who received ixmyelocel-T had a lower mean number of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (0.22 compared to 1.67 in the control group).  IDCM patients who received the treatment were more likely to see improvement in NYHA class, six-minute walking distance and ejection fraction, compared to those in the control group.  No consistent trends were noted in NIDCM patients.

Phase 2b Clinical Program — ixCELL-DCM

In February 2013, several sites began screening patients with ischemic DCM in the ixCELL-DCM trial, which is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.  The first patient was randomized in April 2013.  The Phase 2b ixCELL-DCM trial will enroll 108 ischemic DCM patients.   To be eligible, patients must be between the ages of 30 and 85, not be a candidate for reasonable revascularization procedures, have a LVEF less than or equal to 30%, and have NYHA class III or IV heart failure. Patients will be randomized 1:1 and followed for 12 months for the primary efficacy endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as all-cause deaths, all-cause hospitalizations, and unplanned outpatient or emergency department visits for IV treatment of acute worsening heart failure.  Secondary endpoints include clinical, functional, structural, symptomatic, quality of life, and biomarker measures at 3, 6 and 9 months.  Patients will be followed for an additional 12 months for safety.  We anticipate that enrollment will occur at approximately 30 sites across the U.S. and Canada and be completed by the end of the first quarter of 2014, with top-line data in the second quarter of 2015.

Critical Limb Ischemia

Background

CLI is the most serious and advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) resulting from chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation.  PAD is a chronic atherosclerotic disease that progressively restricts blood flow in the limbs and can lead to serious medical complications.  This disease is often associated with other serious clinical conditions including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and stroke.  CLI is

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used to describe patients with chronic ischemia-induced pain (even at rest) or tissue loss (ulcers or gangrene) in the limbs, often leading to amputation and death.  Many CLI patients are considered “unsuitable for revascularization” patients as they have exhausted all other reasonable treatment options and will likely require amputation.  The one-year and four-year mortality rates for CLI patients that are unsuitable for revascularization that progress to amputation are approximately 25% and 70%, respectively.  Ixmyelocel-T, our disease modifying therapy with multiple functions, has shown significant promise in the treatment of CLI patients with existing tissue loss that are unsuitable for revascularization.  Currently, there are an estimated 250,000 CLI patients that are unsuitable for revascularization in the U.S.

Phase 2b Clinical Program — RESTORE CLI

Our U.S. Phase 2b RESTORE-CLI program was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.  This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ixmyelocel-T in the treatment of patients with CLI that are unsuitable for revascularization.  It was the largest multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cellular therapy study ever conducted in CLI patients.  We completed enrollment of this trial in February 2010 with a total of 86 patients at 18 sites across the United States, with the last patient treated in March 2010.  These patients were followed for a period of 12 months after treatment.  In addition to assessing the safety of our product, efficacy endpoints included time to first occurrence of treatment failure — the trial’s primary efficacy endpoint — (defined as major amputation, all-cause mortality, doubling in wound surface area and de novo gangrene), amputation-free survival (defined as major amputation and all-cause mortality), major amputation rates, level of amputation, wound healing, patient quality of life and pain scores.  The primary purpose of the trial was to assess performance of our therapy and, if positive, prepare for a Phase 3 program.

Final results of the Phase 2b RESTORE-CLI clinical trial were presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in November 2011 and published in the peer-reviewed journal Molecular Therapy in April 2012.  Patients in the treatment arm showed a 62% reduction in risk relative to placebo in the primary efficacy endpoint of time to first occurrence of treatment failure (p=0.0032).  While the study was not powered to show statistical significance in the secondary endpoint of amputation free survival, results from a subgroup of 45 patients with wounds at baseline (the approximate profile of the Phase 3 patient population) showed a 61% reduction in risk (21% ixmyelocel-T treated versus 44% control event rate; p=0.0802).  The study also met the primary safety endpoint with no meaningful differences between the treated and control groups.

Phase 3 Clinical Program — REVIVE

In February 2012, several principal investigators participating in the pivotal Phase 3 REVIVE clinical trial for patients with CLI that are unsuitable for revascularization began screening patients.  The first patient was randomized and aspirated in May 2012.  We had previously received Fast Track Designation from the FDA for use of ixmyelocel-T for CLI in October 2010 and reached agreement with the FDA on a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) in July 2011.  Patients were randomized 1:1 and were to be followed for 12 months for the primary efficacy endpoint of amputation-free survival.  On March 27, 2013 we announced that we were stopping enrollment and ending the Phase 3 REVIVE clinical trial.  We had enrolled approximately 40 patients through that date and plan to continue following the patients for 12 months for safety and certain efficacy measures.

Production

Cell Manufacturing and Cell Production Components

We operate a centralized cell manufacturing facility in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  The facility supports the current U.S. clinical trial and has sufficient capacity, with minor modifications, to supply our early commercialization requirements.  We may establish and operate larger commercial-scale cell manufacturing facilities for the U.S. market in the future to accommodate potential market growth.  We have reached agreement with the FDA on Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control (CMC) which was completed as part of the Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) process with the FDA for the Phase 3 REVIVE clinical trial.

We have established relationships with manufacturers that are registered with the FDA as suppliers of medical products to produce various components of our patented cell manufacturing system.

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We have established relationships with various third parties who manufacture and/or supply certain components, equipment, disposable devices and other materials used in our cell manufacturing process to develop our cell products, as well as our final assemblies, component parts, subassemblies and associated spare parts used in the instrumentation platform of our cell production system.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue our present arrangements with our manufacturers and/or suppliers, supplement existing relationships or establish new relationships, or that we will be able to identify and obtain certain components, equipment, disposable devices, other materials, including ancillary materials that are necessary to develop our product candidates or that are used in our cell manufacturing and cell production components processes.  Our dependence upon third parties for the supply and manufacture of such items could adversely affect our ability to develop and deliver commercially feasible cell products on a timely and competitive basis.  See “Risk Factors.”

Our Arrangement with Vention Medical

In October 2010, we entered into a contract manufacturing and supply agreement (Supply Agreement) with ATEK Medical, LLC (ATEK) for the manufacture of our proprietary cell cassette for use in our manufacturing process.  In November 2011, ATEK was purchased by Vention Medical (Vention) and currently operates as a division of Vention.  There have been no changes to the terms of the Supply Agreement as a result of this purchase.

Pursuant to the terms of the Supply Agreement, we have granted Vention the exclusive right to manufacture our proprietary cell cassette, which includes assembly, labeling, packaging and sterilization.  Vention will be responsible for obtaining all of our approved components pertaining to the cassettes and we are obligated to order and purchase the cassettes from Vention on an agreed upon schedule and in agreed upon quantities.  In addition, we will provide Vention with reasonable engineering support to initiate and ramp up manufacturing of the cassettes and will supply all manufacturing equipment.

The Supply Agreement has an initial term of four years and will terminate automatically without notice unless prior to that time the term is extended by mutual written consent delivered at least six months prior to the termination date.  The minimum term extension is generally to be no less than two years.

The Supply Agreement provides that we may discontinue the manufacture of the cassettes at our sole discretion.  In such event, we agree to use commercially best efforts to notify Vention at least 120 days prior to our intention to discontinue manufacture of the cassettes.  Failure to provide such notice will not be a breach of the Supply Agreement, but without such notice, we agree to purchase from Vention (i) certain finished goods that are in usable condition and (ii) certain components or raw materials inventory or work in process in each case to the extent convertible into finished cassettes.

We or Vention may terminate the Supply Agreement if the other party materially defaults in the performance of any provision of the Supply Agreement and, should any such default occur, then the non-defaulting party may give written notice to the defaulting party that if the default is not cured within 45 days, the Supply Agreement will be terminated. If the non-defaulting party gives such notice and the default is not cured during the 45 day period, then the Supply Agreement shall automatically terminate at the end of such period unless an extension is mutually agreed to by Vention and us.  In addition to other remedies, either party may terminate the Supply Agreement at any time if either of us breach our respective confidentiality obligations under the Supply Agreement, in which case termination shall be effective immediately upon receipt of notice from the non-breaching party of the breach and of termination. Either party may immediately terminate the Supply Agreement by written notice if the other party is or becomes insolvent, appoints or has appointed a receiver for all or substantially all of its assets, or makes an assignment for the benefit of its creditors.  In addition, either party may terminate the Supply Agreement by written notice if the other party files a voluntary petition, or has filed against it an involuntary petition, for bankruptcy and such petition is not dismissed within 90 days.

Upon termination of the Supply Agreement, Vention agrees to provide reasonable technical support at Vention’s published engineering rates for the transfer of manufacturing technology to an alternative manufacturer chosen by us to conduct final manufacture, package and test of the cassettes in the event that Vention, for a period of 150 days

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from the date of receipt of the associated purchase order, is unable to manufacture all of our orders for any reason, or if Vention fails or refuses to meet our orders for cassettes pursuant to the terms of the Supply Agreement.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue our present arrangement with Vention. Our dependence upon our arrangement with Vention for the supply and manufacture of our proprietary cell cassette could adversely affect our ability to develop and deliver commercially feasible cell products on a timely and competitive basis.  See “Risk Factors.”

Research & Development

Our therapy is produced from the patient’s bone marrow using Aastrom’s proprietary manufacturing system.  The product is composed of a mixture of cell types normally found in bone marrow but at different quantities.  For example, the mesenchymal stromal cells, identified with the CD90+ cell surface marker, as well as monocytes and activated macrophages, identified with CD14 marker, are expanded approximately 50 and 200 fold, respectively, while other CD45+ mononuclear cells from the bone marrow remain during the manufacturing process.  We have demonstrated in the laboratory that the cells in our therapy are capable of multiple biological activities thought to play a critical role in repairing diseased and damaged tissues.  These activities include aspects of tissue remodeling, promotion of angiogenesis and resolution of inflammation.  In addition to these properties demonstrated in vitro, we have also shown that the therapy increases blood perfusion in both rat and mouse models of critical limb ischemia.  In addition to these initial preclinical observations, we have ongoing preclinical studies designed to further characterize the mechanism of action of our product in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.  This data supports our current clinical-stage research where we are exploring the use of our therapy to regenerate tissue in patients with DCM and CLI.

In addition, our proprietary cell manufacturing system has demonstrated the capability to produce other types of cells.  In the future, we may continue to explore the application of our manufacturing technology for the production of other cell types where there are potential opportunities to collaborate in the development of new cell therapies.

Patents and Proprietary Rights

Our success depends in part on our ability, and the ability of our licensors, to obtain patent protection for our products and processes.  We have exclusive rights to approximately 19 unexpired issued U.S. patents.  Eleven of these patents are material patents that protect our cellular therapy.  We own ten of these patents and one has been licensed exclusively from the University of Michigan.  These patents present various claims relating to (i) the composition of our cellular therapy, (ii) methods to manufacture or administer the cellular therapy, and (iii) the bioreactor device (the Aastrom Replicell System) that is used to make our product.  The number of U.S. patents of each type with expiration range is listed in the table below.

Certain patent equivalents to the U.S. patents have also been issued in other jurisdictions including Australia, Japan, and Canada and under the European Patent Convention.  In addition, we have filed applications for patents in the United States and equivalent applications in certain other countries claiming other aspects of our cell products and manufacturing processes.  Our most significant patent that protects the composition of the cellular therapy directly, “Mixed cell populations for tissue repair and separation technique for cell processing” (US Patent 7,871,605), was issued in January 2011 and will expire in 2029.  A divisional application of 7,871,605 for administration of this composition to patients was allowed by the USPTO in January 2012 and was issued in the April 2012 and will expire in 2027.  A second divisional application of 7,871,605 directed to the methods of manufacture of our cell compositions was issued in March 2013 and will expire in 2027.  Patents that protect our automated bioreactor device and culture system expire in 2015, but we will continue to rely on trade secrets and un-patentable know-how.

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The validity and breadth of claims in medical technology patents involve complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, may be highly uncertain.  No assurance can be given that any patents based on pending patent applications or any future patent applications by us, or our licensors, will be issued, that the scope of any patent protection will exclude competitors or provide competitive advantages to us, that any of the patents that have been or may be issued to us or our licensors will be held valid if subsequently challenged or that others will not claim rights in or ownership of the patents and other proprietary rights held or licensed by us. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others have not developed or will not develop similar products, duplicate any of our products or design around any patents that have been or may be issued to us or our licensors.  Since patent applications in the U.S. are maintained in secrecy until they are published 18 months after filing, we also cannot be certain that others did not first file applications for inventions covered by our and our licensors’ pending patent applications, nor can we be certain that we will not infringe any patents that may be issued to others on such applications.

We rely on certain licenses granted by the University of Michigan for certain patent rights.  If we breach such agreements or otherwise fail to comply with such agreements, or if such agreements expire or are otherwise terminated, we may lose our rights in such patents.

We also rely on trade secrets and un-patentable know-how that we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements.  It is our policy to require our employees, consultants, contractors, manufacturers, outside scientific collaborators and sponsored researchers and other advisors to execute confidentiality agreements upon the commencement of employment or consulting relationships with us.  These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to the individual during the course of the individual’s relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties except in specific limited circumstances.  We also require signed confidentiality or material transfer agreements from any company that is to receive our confidential information.  In the case of employees, consultants and contractors, the agreements generally provide that all inventions conceived by the individual while rendering services to us shall be assigned to us as the exclusive property of Aastrom.  There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will not be breached, that we would have adequate remedies for any breach, or that our trade secrets or un-patentable know-how will not otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors.

Our success will also depend in part on our ability to develop commercially viable products without infringing the proprietary rights of others.  We do not believe any of our currently contemplated products or processes infringe any existing valid issued patent.  However, the results of patent litigation are unpredictable, and no assurance can be given that patents do not exist or could not be filed which would have an adverse effect on our ability to market our products or maintain our competitive position with respect to our products.  If our technology components, designs, products, processes or other subject matter are claimed under other existing U.S. or foreign patents, or are otherwise protected by third party proprietary rights, we may be subject to infringement actions.  In such event, we may challenge the validity of such patents or other proprietary rights or we may be required to obtain licenses from such companies in order to develop, manufacture or market our products.  There can be no assurances that we would be able to obtain such licenses or that such licenses, if available, could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms.  Furthermore, the failure to either develop a commercially viable alternative or obtain such licenses could result in delays in marketing our proposed products or the inability to proceed with the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  If we are required to defend ourselves against charges of patent infringement or to protect our proprietary rights against third parties, substantial costs will be incurred regardless of whether we are successful.  Such proceedings are typically protracted with no certainty of success.  An adverse outcome could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties and force us to curtail or cease our development and sale of our products and processes.

Certain of our and our licensors’ research has been or is being funded in part by the Department of Commerce and by a Small Business Innovation Research Grant obtained from the Department of Health and Human Services.  As a result of such funding, the U.S. Government has certain rights in the technology developed with such funding.  These rights include a non-exclusive, fully paid-up, worldwide license under such inventions for any governmental purpose.  In addition, the U.S. Government has the right to require us to grant an exclusive license under any of such inventions to a third party if the U.S. Government determines that: (i) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize such inventions; (ii) such action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs; or (iii) such action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations.  Additionally, under the federal Bayh

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Dole Act, a party which acquires an exclusive license for an invention that was partially funded by a federal research grant is subject to the following government rights: (i) products using the invention which are sold in the United States are to be manufactured substantially in the United States, unless a waiver is obtained; (ii) the government may force the granting of a license to a third party who will make and sell the needed product if the licensee does not pursue reasonable commercialization of a needed product using the invention; and (iii) the U.S. Government may use the invention for its own needs.

Sales and Marketing

We currently do not have the sales or marketing resources required to fully commercialize our therapeutic products.  We intend to advance our programs to a point where we can evaluate the options to seek a development and/or commercialization partnership, or to make the investment to complete development and commercialize a product alone.  We may also choose to undertake some pilot level of sales and marketing activity while seeking a commercial partnership.

Government Regulation

Our research and development activities and the manufacturing and marketing of our products are subject to the laws and regulations of governmental authorities in the United States and other countries in which our products will be marketed.  Specifically, in the United States, the FDA, among other activities, regulates new product approvals to establish safety and efficacy of these products.  Governments in other countries have similar requirements for testing and marketing.  In the United States, in addition to meeting FDA regulations, we are also subject to other federal laws, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the Environmental Protection Act, as well as certain state laws.

Our cell products will be regulated as somatic cell therapies/biologics/pharmaceuticals.  With this classification, commercial production of our products will need to occur in registered/licensed facilities in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) for biologics (cellular products) or drugs.

Regulatory Process

Our products are subject to regulation as biological products under the Public Health Service Act and the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.  Different regulatory requirements may apply to our products depending on how they are categorized by the FDA under these laws.  The FDA has indicated that it intends to regulate products based on our technology as licensed biologics through the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research.  As current regulations exist, the FDA will require regulatory approval for certain human cellular- or tissue-based products, including our cell products, through a BLA submission.

Approval of new biological products is a lengthy procedure leading from development of a new product through preclinical and clinical testing.  This process takes a number of years and the expenditure of significant resources.  There can be no assurance that our product candidates will ultimately receive regulatory approval.

Regardless of how our product candidates are regulated, the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and other Federal and State statutes and regulations govern or influence the research, testing, manufacture, safety, labeling, storage, record-keeping, approval, distribution, use, product reporting, advertising and promotion of such products.  Noncompliance with applicable requirements can result in civil penalties, recall, injunction or seizure of products, refusal of the government to approve or clear product approval applications or to allow us to enter into government supply contracts, withdrawal of previously approved applications and criminal prosecution.

Product Approval

In order to obtain FDA approval of a new medical product, sponsors must submit proof of safety and efficacy.  In most cases, such proof entails extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials.  The testing, preparation of necessary applications and processing of those applications by the FDA is expensive and may take several years to complete.  There can be no assurance that the FDA will act favorably or in a timely manner in reviewing submitted applications, and we may encounter significant difficulties or costs in our efforts to obtain FDA approvals, in turn, which could delay or preclude us from marketing any products we may develop.  The FDA may also require post-

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marketing testing and surveillance of approved products, or place other conditions on the approvals.  These requirements could cause it to be more difficult or expensive to sell the products, and could therefore restrict the commercial applications of such products.  Product approvals may be withdrawn if compliance with applicable regulations is not maintained or if problems occur following commercialization.  For patented technologies, delays imposed by the governmental approval process may materially reduce the period during which we will have the exclusive right to exploit such technologies.

If clinical trials of a proposed medical product are required, the manufacturer or distributor of a drug or biologic will have to submit an IND application with the FDA prior to commencing human clinical trials.  The submission must be supported by data, typically including the results of preclinical and laboratory testing.  Following submission of the IND, the FDA has 30 days to review the application and raise safety and other clinical trial issues.  If we are not notified of objections within that period, clinical trials may be initiated, and human clinical trials may commence at a specified number of investigational sites with the number of patients approved by the FDA.  We have submitted several INDs for our cell products, and we have conducted clinical trials under these INDs.

Our products will be regulated by the FDA as a licensed biologic, although there can be no assurance that the FDA will not choose to regulate this product in a different manner in the future.  The FDA categorizes human cell- or tissue-based products as either minimally manipulated or more than minimally manipulated, and has determined that more than minimally manipulated products require clinical trials to demonstrate product safety and efficacy and the submission of a BLA for marketing authorization.  For products that may be regulated as biologics, the FDA requires: (i) preclinical laboratory and animal testing; (ii) submission to the FDA of an IND application, which must be approved prior to the initiation of human clinical trials; (iii) adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the product for its intended use; (iv) submission to the FDA of a BLA; and (v) review and approval of the BLA as well as inspections of the manufacturing facility by the FDA prior to commercial marketing of the product.

We conduct preclinical testing for internal use and as support for submissions to the FDA.  Preclinical testing generally includes various types of in-vitro laboratory evaluations of our products as well as animal studies to assess the safety and the functionality of the product.  Clinical trials are identified by phases (i.e., Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, etc.).  Depending on the type of preclinical and/or clinical data available, the trial sponsor will submit a request to the FDA to initiate a specific phase study (e.g., a Phase 1 trial represents an initial study in a small group of patients to test for safety and other relevant factors; a Phase 2 trial represents a study in a larger number of patients to assess the safety and efficacy of a product; and, Phase 3 trials are initiated to establish safety and efficacy in an expanded patient population at multiple clinical trial sites).

The results of the preclinical tests and clinical trials are submitted to the FDA in the form of a BLA for marketing approval.  The testing, clinical trials and approval process are likely to require substantial time and effort and there can be no assurance that any approval will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.  Additional animal studies or clinical trials may be requested during the FDA review period that may delay marketing approval.  After FDA approval for the initial indications, further clinical trials may be necessary to gain approval for the use of the product for additional indications.  The FDA requires that adverse effects be reported to the FDA and may also require post-marketing testing to monitor for adverse events, which can involve significant expense.

Under current requirements, facilities manufacturing biological products for commercial distribution must be licensed.  To accomplish this, an establishment registration must be filed with the FDA.  In addition to the preclinical studies and clinical trials, the BLA includes a description of the facilities, equipment and personnel involved in the manufacturing process.  An establishment registration/license is granted on the basis of inspections of the applicant’s facilities in which the primary focus is on compliance with GMPs and the ability to consistently manufacture the product in the facility in accordance with the BLA.  If the FDA finds the results of the inspection unsatisfactory, it may decline to approve the BLA, resulting in a delay in production of products.

As part of the approval process for human biological products, each manufacturing facility must be registered and inspected by the FDA prior to marketing approval.  In addition, state agency inspections and approvals may also be required for a biological product to be shipped out of state.

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Commercial Strategy

We are currently focused on utilizing our technology to produce expanded, patient specific multicellular products for use in severe, chronic ischemic cardiovascular indications.  At such time as we satisfy applicable regulatory approval requirements, we expect the sales of our cell-based products to constitute nearly all of our product sales revenues.

We do not expect to generate positive cash flows from our consolidated operations for at least the next several years and then only if we achieve significant product sales.  Until that time, we expect that our revenue sources from our current activities will consist of only minor sales of our cell products and manufacturing supplies to our academic collaborators, grant revenue, research funding and potential licensing fees or other financial support from potential future corporate collaborators.

We expect that we will need to raise significant additional funds or pursue strategic transactions or other strategic alternatives in order to complete our product development programs, complete clinical trials needed to market our products, and commercialize our products.  To date, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private sales of our equity securities, and we expect to continue to seek to obtain the required capital in a similar manner.  As a development stage company, we have never been profitable and do not anticipate having net income unless and until significant product sales commence.  With respect to our current activities, this is not likely to occur until we obtain significant additional funding, complete the required clinical trials for regulatory approvals, and receive the necessary approvals to market our products.  If we cannot raise such funds, we will not be able to develop or enhance products, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  As a result of the need to raise additional capital and a net capital deficiency, there is uncertainty regarding our ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate our business effectively over at least the next twelve months, which raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.  Through March 31, 2013, we have accumulated a net loss attributable to common shareholders of approximately $282,122,000.  We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to achieve profitability on a sustained basis, if at all, obtain the required funding, obtain the required regulatory approvals, or complete additional corporate partnering or acquisition transactions.

Competitive Environment

The biotechnology and medical device industries are characterized by rapidly evolving technology and intense competition.  Our competitors include major multinational medical device companies, pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and stem cell companies operating in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cardiac, vascular, orthopedics and neural medicine.  Many of these companies are well-established and possess technical, research and development, financial, and sales and marketing resources significantly greater than ours.  In addition, many of our smaller potential competitors have formed strategic collaborations, partnerships and other types of joint ventures with larger, well established industry competitors that afford these companies potential research and development and commercialization advantages in the technology and therapeutic areas currently being pursued by us.  Academic institutions, governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations are also conducting and financing research activities which may produce products directly competitive to those being commercialized by us.  Moreover, many of these competitors may be able to obtain patent protection, obtain FDA and other regulatory approvals and begin commercial sales of their products before us.

Our potential commercial products address a broad range of existing and emerging therapeutic markets, in which cell-based therapy is a new and as of yet, unproven, commercial strategy.  In a large part, we face primary competition from existing medical devices and drug products.  Some of our competitors have longer operating histories and substantially greater resources.  These include companies such as Baxter International, Inc. (Baxter), Biomet, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Inc., Medtronic, Inc. (Medtronic), and others.

In the general area of cell-based therapies, we potentially compete with a variety of companies, most of whom are specialty medical products or biotechnology companies.  Some of these, such as Baxter, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic and Miltenyi Biotec are well-established and have substantial technical and financial resources compared to ours.  However, as cell-based products are only just emerging as viable medical therapies, many of our most direct competitors are smaller biotechnology and specialty medical products companies.  These include Advanced

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Cell Technology, Inc., Cytomedix, Inc. (formerly Aldagen, Inc.), Arteriocyte Medical Systems, Inc., Athersys, Inc., Bioheart, Inc., Cytori Therapeutics, Inc., International Stem Cell Corporation, Neostem, Inc., Terumo Medical Corporation (formerly Harvest Technologies Corporation), Mesoblast, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Pluristem, Inc. Stem Cells, Inc., Tengion, Inc. and others.

Employees

As of April 1, 2013, we employed approximately 40 individuals on a full-time equivalent basis.  A significant number of our management and professional employees have had prior experience with pharmaceutical, biotechnology or medical product companies.  None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, and management considers relations with our employees to be good.

Executive Officers

Dominick C. Colangelo — Mr. Colangelo joined Aastrom in 2013 with more than twenty years of executive management and corporate development experience in the biopharmaceutical industry, including nearly a decade with Eli Lilly and Company.  Most recently, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Promedior, Inc.  During his career, he has held a variety of executive positions of increasing responsibility in product development, pharmaceutical operations, sales and marketing, and corporate development.  He has extensive experience in the acquisition, development and commercialization of therapies to treat fibrovascular, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.  During his tenure at Eli Lilly and Company, he held positions as Director of Strategy and Business Development for Lilly’s Diabetes Product Group and also served as a founding Managing Director of Lilly Ventures.  Mr. Colangelo received his B.S.B.A. in Accounting, Magna Cum Laude, from the State University of New York at Buffalo and a J.D. degree, with Honors, from the Duke University School of Law.

Daniel R. Orlando — Mr. Orlando joined Aastrom as Chief Commercial Officer in August of 2012.  Mr. Orlando served as interim CEO of Aastrom from December 2012 to March 2013.  He has more than 20 years of commercial product preparation and launch experience including leadership roles in sales, marketing and most recently as a vice president of business development for North and South America at Takeda Pharmaceuticals.  As an early employee at Takeda North America, he served as the original brand director for Actos, which became the #1 branded anti-diabetic agent in the U.S.  Mr. Orlando’s initial pharmaceutical experience came in progressively expanding roles in sales and marketing at Abbott Laboratories.  He holds an MBA from Florida Atlantic University and a BA in economics with Honors from the University of Florida.

Ronnda L. Bartel, Ph.D. — Dr. Bartel joined Aastrom in 2006 and is responsible for research, development, quality, IT, manufacturing and engineering operations.  Dr. Bartel has more than 20 years of research and product development experience and most recently was Executive Director, Biological Research at MicroIslet and Vice president, Scientific Development at StemCells, Inc. Earlier in her career, she was Senior Principal Scientist, Cell Biology at Advanced Tissue Sciences and was involved in the development and approval of two of the first three cell based products approved by the FDA.  She has also worked as Senior Director, Science and Technology at SRS Capital, LLC evaluating life science investments and has also held positions in clinical development, drug delivery, business development and manufacturing.  Dr. Bartel holds a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Kansas, completed postdoctoral work at the University of Michigan and received a B.A. in Chemistry and Biology from Tabor College.

Brian D. Gibson — Mr. Gibson joined Aastrom in July 2010 and is Vice President of Finance.  He brings more than 12 years of finance and accounting experience to Aastrom.  Prior to joining Aastrom, Mr. Gibson was a senior manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers, with broad experience in multiple industries, including life sciences and healthcare.  Mr. Gibson holds a BA in accounting with high honor from the Eli Broad College of Business at Michigan State University and is a certified public accountant.

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Corporate Information

Aastrom is incorporated under the laws of the State of Michigan.  Our principal executive offices are located at 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby K, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.  Our telephone number is (800) 556-0311.  The address of our website is www.aastrom.com.  The reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference and, except for the documents incorporated by reference as noted above, the information on, or accessible through, our website is not intended to be part of this prospectus.

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The Offering

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 45,664,079 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2013 and excludes:

·                  11,087,468 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2013 at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.27 per share;

·                  5,574,209 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2013 at exercise prices of $12.72 per share (October 2007-740,131 shares), $2.44 per share (January 2010-4,525,978 shares) and $1.25 per share (December 2010-308,100 shares), which warrants are exercisable to purchase common stock; and

·                  12,308 shares of preferred stock outstanding as of March 31, 2013.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  You should carefully consider the risks described below and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, as well as other information we include or incorporate by reference into this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, before making an investment decision.  Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the materialization of any of these risks.  The trading price of our securities could decline due to the materialization of any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.  This prospectus and the documents incorporated herein by reference also contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.  Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and in the documents incorporated herein by reference, including (i) our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 and (ii) other documents we file with the SEC that are deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

Risks Relating to Our Business

Our past losses and expected future losses cast doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern and operate profitably.

As of March 31, 2013, we had $9,226,000 of cash and cash equivalents.  This is not sufficient to sustain our operations for one year.  In light of our financial position, we are evaluating strategic and financial opportunities in the short-term in order to maintain adequate liquidity through December 31, 2013 and beyond.  Additionally, we could sell shares through an At the Market Sales Agreement (ATM) in order to raise additional capital, though there are certain factors, such as volume of trading in our stock, our stock price and the ability to terminate the agreement with notice, which could limit the amount we could raise in a short period of time.  On a longer term basis, we will need to raise additional funds in order to complete product development programs and complete clinical trials needed to market and commercialize our products.  We cannot be certain that such funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all.  Some of the factors that will impact our ability to raise additional capital and our overall success include: the rate and degree of progress for our product development, the rate of regulatory approval to proceed with clinical trial programs, the level of success achieved in clinical trials, the requirements for marketing authorization from regulatory bodies in the United States and other countries, the liquidity and market volatility of our equity securities, regulatory and manufacturing requirements and uncertainties, technological developments by competitors, and other factors.  If we cannot raise such funds, we will not be able to develop or enhance products, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  As a result of the need to raise additional capital and a net capital deficiency, there is uncertainty regarding our ability to maintain liquidity sufficient to operate our business effectively over at least the next twelve months, which raises substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.  The consolidated financial statements incorporated by reference in this prospectus do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

We were incorporated in 1989 and have experienced substantial operating losses since inception.  As of March 31, 2013, we had incurred a cumulative net loss attributable to common shareholders totaling approximately $282,122,000 and we have continued to incur losses since that date.  These losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in the research and development (including clinical trials) of our cell culture technologies and our cell manufacturing system, general and administrative expenses, and the prosecution of patent applications.  We expect to continue to incur significant operating losses over the next several years and at least until, and probably after, product sales increase, primarily owing to our research and development programs, including preclinical studies and clinical trials, and the establishment of marketing and distribution capabilities necessary to support commercialization efforts for our products.  We cannot predict with any certainty the amount of future losses.  Our ability to achieve profitability will depend, among other things, on successfully completing the development of our product candidates, timely initiation and completion of clinical trials, obtaining regulatory approvals, establishing manufacturing, sales and marketing arrangements with third parties, maintaining supplies of key manufacturing components, acquisition and development of complementary activities and raising sufficient cash to fund our operating activities.  Therefore, we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability.

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We may not be able to raise the required capital to conduct our operations and develop and commercialize our products.

We will require substantial additional capital resources in order to conduct our operations, complete our product development programs, complete our clinical trials needed to market our products (including a Phase 2b clinical trial for DCM), and commercialize these products and cell manufacturing facilities.  In order to grow and expand our business, to introduce our new product candidates into the marketplace and to acquire or develop complementary business activities, we will need to raise a significant amount of additional funds.  We will also need significant additional funds or a collaborative partner, or both, to finance the research and development activities of our cell product candidates for additional indications.  Accordingly, we are continuing to pursue additional sources of financing.

Our future capital requirements will depend upon many factors, including:

We entered into an ATM on June 16, 2011, which allows us to raise approximately $20,000,000 through sales of our common stock from time to time.  However, there are certain factors, such as volume of trading in our stock, our stock price and the ability to terminate the agreement with notice, which limit the amount that can be raised in a short period of time through the ATM.  Regardless of the usage of the ATM, we need to raise additional capital in order to fund the clinical trials of ixmyelocel-T for DCM, complete our product development programs, complete clinical trials needed to market our products and commercialize these products.

We will need to raise additional funds in order to complete our product development programs, complete clinical trials needed to market our products (including clinical trials for our DCM program), and commercialize these products.  Because of our long-term funding requirements, we may try to access the public or private equity markets if conditions are favorable to complete a financing, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time, or whenever we require additional operating capital.  In addition, we may seek collaborative relationships, incur debt and access other available funding sources.  This additional funding may not be available to us on reasonable terms, or at all.  Some of the factors that will impact our ability to raise additional capital and our overall success include:

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If adequate funds are not available in the future, we may not be able to develop or enhance our products, take advantage of future opportunities, or respond to competitive pressures or unanticipated requirements and we may be required to delay or terminate research and development programs, curtail capital expenditures, and reduce business development and other operating activities.  Should the financing we require to sustain our working capital needs be unavailable or prohibitively expensive when we require it, the consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Failure to obtain and maintain required regulatory approvals would severely limit our ability to sell our products.

We must obtain the approval of the FDA before commercial sales of our cell product candidates may commence in the United States, which we believe will ultimately be the largest market for our products.  We will also be required to obtain additional approvals from various foreign regulatory authorities to initiate sales activities of cell products in those jurisdictions.  If we cannot demonstrate the safety, purity and potency of our product candidates, including our cell product candidates, produced in our production system, the FDA or other regulatory authorities could delay or withhold regulatory approval of our product candidates.

Finally, even if we obtain regulatory approval of a product, that approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which it may be marketed.  Even after granting regulatory approval, the FDA and regulatory agencies in other countries continue to review and inspect marketed products, manufacturers and manufacturing facilities, which may create additional regulatory burdens.  Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or facility may result in restrictions on the product or manufacturer, including a withdrawal of the product from the market.  Further, regulatory agencies may establish additional regulations that could prevent or delay regulatory approval of our products.

We currently depend heavily on the success of ixmyelocel-T, our sole product candidate.  Any failure to commercialize ixmyelocel-T, or significant delays in doing so, will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have invested a significant portion of our efforts and financial resources in the development of ixmyelocel-T.  Our ability to generate future product revenue depends heavily on the successful development and commercialization of ixmyelocel-T.  The successful commercialization of ixmyelocel-T will depend on several factors, including the following:

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Any failure to commercialize ixmyelocel-T or significant delays in doing so will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our sole product candidate, ixmyelocel-T, is still in clinical development.  If we do not successfully continue or complete the clinical development of ixmyelocel-T, our likelihood of success as a company and our ability to finance our operations will be substantially harmed.

Our near-term prospects substantially depend upon our ability to successfully continue and complete clinical trials of our lead product candidate, ixmyelocel-T and to demonstrate its safety and efficacy, as well as its superiority over existing therapies and standards of care, if any.  We are currently enrolling patients with ischemic DCM for the ixCELL-DCM trial, a Phase 2b clinical trial, and have recently treated the first patients in the trial.  All of our other potential product candidates are in preclinical research or early clinical development.  Our ability to finance our company and to generate revenues will depend heavily on our ability to obtain favorable results in the ongoing and planned clinical trials of ixmyelocel-T, including the ongoing ixCELL-DCM Phase 2b clinical trial, and to successfully develop and commercialize ixmyelocel-T.  Ixmyelocel-T could be unsuccessful if it:

If we are not successful in developing and commercializing ixmyelocel-T or are significantly delayed in doing so, our financial condition and future prospects may be adversely affected and we may experience difficulties in raising the substantial additional capital required to fund our business.

Our product development programs are based on novel technologies and are inherently risky.

We are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of products based on new technologies.  The novel nature of our therapeutics creates significant challenges in regard to product development and optimization, manufacturing, government regulation, third party reimbursement and market acceptance.  For example, if regulatory agencies have limited experience in approving cellular therapies for commercialization, the development and commercialization pathway for our therapies may be subject to increased uncertainty, as compared to the pathway for new conventional drugs.

Any changes in the governmental regulatory classifications of our products could prevent, limit or delay our ability to market or develop our products.

The FDA establishes regulatory requirements based on the classification of a product.  Because our product development programs are designed to satisfy the standards applicable to biological licensure for our cellular products, any change in the regulatory classification or designation would affect our ability to obtain FDA approval of our products.  Each of these cell products is, under current regulations, regulated as a biologic, which requires a BLA.

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Our inability to complete our product development activities successfully would severely limit our ability to operate or finance operations.

In order to commercialize our cell product candidates in the United States, we must complete substantial clinical trials and obtain sufficient safety, purity and potency results to support required registration approval and market acceptance of our cell product candidates.  We may not be able to successfully complete the development of our product candidates, or successfully market our technologies or product candidates.  We, and any of our potential collaborators, may encounter problems and delays relating to research and development, regulatory approval and intellectual property rights of our technologies and product candidates.  Our research and development programs may not be successful, and our cell culture technologies and product candidates may not facilitate the production of cells outside the human body with the expected results.  Our technologies and cell product candidates may not prove to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials, and we may not obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for our technologies or product candidates and the cells produced in such products.  If any of these events occur, we may not have adequate resources to continue operations for the period required to resolve any issues delaying commercialization and we may not be able to raise capital to finance our continued operation during the period required for resolution of any such issues.

We must successfully complete our clinical trials to be able to market certain of our products.

To be able to market therapeutic cell products in the United States, we must demonstrate, through extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials, the safety and efficacy of our processes and product candidates.  If our clinical trials are not successful, our products may not be marketable.  The results of early stage clinical trials do not ensure success in later clinical trials, and interim results are not necessarily predictive of final results.

Our ability to complete our clinical trials in a timely manner depends on many factors, including the rate of patient enrollment.  Patient enrollment can vary with the size of the patient population, the proximity of suitable patients to clinical sites, perceptions of the utility of cell therapy for the treatment of certain diseases, and the eligibility criteria for the study.  For example, patients enrolling in our studies need to provide an adequate amount of bone marrow to process and expand for injection and some patients may not be able to provide sufficient starting material despite our study inclusion and exclusion criteria designed to prevent this.  Bone marrow is an inherently variable starting material.  We have experienced delays in patient accrual in our previous clinical trials.  If we experience future delays in patient enrollment, we could experience increased costs and delays associated with clinical trials, which would impair our product development programs and our ability to market our products.

Furthermore, the FDA monitors the progress of clinical trials and it may suspend or terminate clinical trials at any time due to patient safety or other considerations.

Our research programs are currently directed at improving product functionality for certain clinical indications, improving product shelf life, and decreasing the cost of manufacturing our products.  These production process changes may alter the functionality of our cells and require various additional levels of experimental and clinical testing and evaluation.  Any such testing could lengthen the time before these products would be commercially available.

Even if successful clinical results are reported for a product from a completed clinical trial, this does not mean that the results will be sustained over time, or will be sufficient for a marketable or regulatory approvable product.

We may rely on third parties to conduct some of our clinical trials, and their failure to perform their obligations in a timely or competent manner may delay development and commercialization of our product candidates.

We may use clinical research organizations (CRO) to assist in conduct of our clinical trials.  There are numerous alternative sources to provide these services.  However, we may face delays outside of our control if these parties do not perform their obligations in a timely or competent fashion or if we are forced to change service providers.  Any third party that we hire to conduct clinical trials may also provide services to our competitors, which could compromise the performance of their obligations to us.  If we experience significant delays in the progress of our clinical trials, the commercial prospects for product candidates could be harmed and our ability to generate product

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revenue would be delayed or prevented.  In addition, we and any provider that we retain will be subject to Good Clinical Practice, or GCP requirements.  If GCP and other regulatory requirements are not adhered to by us or our third-party providers, the development and commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed.

Any failure of such CRO to successfully accomplish clinical trial monitoring, data collection, safety monitoring and data management and the other services it provides for us in a timely manner and in compliance with regulatory requirements could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete clinical development of our products and obtain regulatory approval.  Problems with the timeliness or quality of the work of a CRO may lead us to seek to terminate the relationship and use an alternate service provider.  However, making such changes may be costly and may delay our trials, and contractual restrictions may make such a change difficult or impossible.  Additionally, it may be difficult to find a replacement organization that can conduct our trials in an acceptable manner and at an acceptable cost.

Failure of third parties, including Vention Medical, to manufacture or supply certain components, equipment, disposable devices and other materials used in our cell manufacturing process would impair our cell product development.

We rely on third parties, including Vention Medical (Vention), to manufacture and/or supply certain of our devices/manufacturing equipment and to manufacture and/or supply certain components, equipment, disposable devices and other materials used in our cell manufacturing process to develop our cell products.  Vention is our sole supplier of cell cassettes for which it would be difficult to obtain alternate sources of supply on a short-term basis.  If any of our manufacturers or suppliers fails to perform their respective obligations, or if our supply of certain components, equipment, disposable devices and other materials is limited or interrupted, it could impair our ability to manufacture our products, which would delay our ability to conduct our clinical trials or market our product candidates on a timely and cost-competitive basis, if at all.

In addition, we may not be able to continue our present arrangements with our suppliers, supplement existing relationships, establish new relationships or be able to identify and obtain the ancillary materials that are necessary to develop our product candidates in the future.  Our dependence upon third parties for the supply and manufacture of these items could adversely affect our ability to develop and deliver commercially feasible products on a timely and competitive basis.

Manufacturing of our cell products in centralized facilities may increase the risk that we will not have adequate quantities of our cell products for clinical programs.

We are subject to regulatory compliance and quality assurance requirements at our production site in Ann Arbor, Michigan.  This site could be subject to ongoing, periodic, unannounced inspection by regulatory agencies to ensure strict compliance with GMP regulations and other governmental regulations.  We do not have redundant cell manufacturing sites.  In the event our cell production facility is damaged or destroyed or is subject to regulatory restrictions, our clinical trial programs and other business prospects would be adversely affected.

Even if we obtain regulatory approvals to sell our products, lack of commercial acceptance could impair our business.

We will be seeking to obtain regulatory approvals to market our cell products for tissue repair treatments.  Even if we obtain all required regulatory approvals, we cannot be certain that our products and processes will be accepted in the marketplace at a level that would allow us to operate profitably.  Our products may be unable to achieve commercial acceptance for a number of reasons, such as the availability of alternatives that are less expensive, more effective, or easier to use; the perception of a low cost-benefit ratio for the product amongst physicians and hospitals; or an inadequate level of product support from ourselves or a commercial partner.  Our technologies or product candidates may not be employed in all potential applications being investigated, and any reduction in applications would limit the market acceptance of our technologies and product candidates, and our potential revenues.

The market for our products will be heavily dependent on third party reimbursement policies.

Our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates will depend on the extent to which government

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healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as private health insurers, health maintenance organizations and other third party payers will pay for our products and related treatments.

Reimbursement by third party payers depends on a number of factors, including the payer’s determination that use of the product is safe and effective, not experimental or investigational, medically necessary, appropriate for the specific patient and cost-effective.  Reimbursement in the United States or foreign countries may not be available or maintained for any of our product candidates.  If we do not obtain approvals for adequate third party reimbursements, we may not be able to establish or maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on our investment in product development.  Any limits on reimbursement from third party payers may reduce the demand for, or negatively affect the price of, our products.  For example, in the past, published studies suggested that stem cell transplantation for breast cancer, which constituted a significant portion of the overall stem cell therapy market at the time, may have limited clinical benefit.  The lack of reimbursement for these procedures by insurance payers has negatively affected the market for our products in this indication in the past.

Managing and reducing health care costs has been a general concern of federal and state governments in the United States and of foreign governments.  In addition, third party payers are increasingly challenging the price and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services, and many limit reimbursement for newly approved health care products.  In particular, third party payers may limit the indications for which they will reimburse patients who use any products that we may develop.  Cost control initiatives could decrease the price for products that we may develop, which would result in lower product revenues to us.

Use of animal-derived materials could harm our product development and commercialization efforts.

Some of the manufacturing materials and/or components we use in, and are critical to, implementation of our technology involve the use of animal-derived products, including fetal bovine serum.  Suppliers or regulatory changes may limit or restrict the availability of such materials for clinical and commercial use.  We currently purchase all of our fetal bovine sera from protected herds in Australia and New Zealand.  These sources are considered to be the safest and raise the least amount of concern from the global regulatory agencies.  If, for example, the so-called “mad cow disease” occurs in New Zealand or in Australia, it may lead to a restricted supply of the serum currently required for our product manufacturing processes.  Any restrictions on these materials would impose a potential competitive disadvantage for our products or prevent our ability to manufacture our cell products.  The FDA has issued draft regulations for controls over bovine materials.  These proposed regulations do not appear to affect our ability to purchase the manufacturing materials we currently use.  However, the FDA may issue final regulations that could affect our operations.  Our inability to develop or obtain alternative compounds would harm our product development and commercialization efforts.  There are certain limitations in the supply of certain animal-derived materials, which may lead to delays in our ability to complete clinical trials or eventually to meet the anticipated market demand for our cell products.

Given our limited internal manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we need to develop increased internal capability or collaborative relationships to manufacture, sell, market and distribute our products.

We have only limited internal manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities.  As market needs develop, we intend to establish and operate commercial-scale manufacturing facilities, which will need to comply with all applicable regulatory requirements.  We will also need to develop new configurations of our cell manufacturing system for these facilities to enable processes and cost efficiencies associated with large-scale manufacturing.  Establishing these facilities will require significant capital and expertise.  We may need to make such expenditures when there are significant uncertainties as to the market opportunity.  Any delay in establishing, or difficulties in operating, these facilities will limit our ability to meet the anticipated market demand for our cell products.  We intend to get assistance to market some of our future cell products through collaborative relationships with companies with established sales, marketing and distribution capabilities.  Our inability to develop and maintain those relationships would limit our ability to market, sell and distribute our products.  Our inability to enter into successful, long-term relationships could require us to develop alternate arrangements at a time when we need sales, marketing or distribution capabilities to meet existing demand.  We may market one or more of our products through our own sales force.  Our inability to develop and retain a qualified sales force could limit our ability to market, sell and distribute our cell products.

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If we do not keep pace with our competitors and with technological and market changes, our products will become obsolete and our business may suffer.

The markets for our products are very competitive, subject to rapid technological changes, and vary for different candidates and processes that directly compete with our products.  Our competitors may have developed, or could in the future develop, new technologies that compete with our products or even render our products obsolete.  As an example, in the past, published studies have suggested that hematopoietic stem cell therapy use for bone marrow transplantation, following marrow ablation due to chemotherapy, may have limited clinical benefit in the treatment of breast cancer, which was a significant portion of the overall hematopoietic stem cell transplant market.  This resulted in the practical elimination of this market for our cell-based product for this application.

Our cell manufacturing system is designed to improve and automate the processes for producing cells used in therapeutic procedures.  Even if we are able to demonstrate improved or equivalent results, the cost or process of treatment and other factors may cause researchers and practitioners to not use our products and we could suffer a competitive disadvantage.  Finally, to the extent that others develop new technologies that address the targeted application for our products, our business will suffer.

The current credit and financial market conditions may exacerbate certain risks affecting our business.

We rely upon third parties for certain aspects of our business, including collaboration partners, wholesale distributors, contract clinical trial providers, contract manufacturers and third-party suppliers.  Because of the recent tightening of global credit and the volatility in the financial markets, there may be a delay or disruption in the performance or satisfaction of commitments to us by these third parties, which could adversely affect our business.

If we cannot attract and retain key personnel, our business may suffer.

Our success depends in large part upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified scientific and management personnel.  We face competition for such personnel from other companies, research and academic institutions and other entities.  Further, in an effort to conserve financial resources, we have implemented reductions in our work force on four previous occasions, most recently in the first quarter of 2013.  As a result of these and other factors, we may not be successful in hiring or retaining key personnel.  Our inability to replace any key employee could harm our operations.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If our patents and proprietary rights do not provide substantial protection, then our business and competitive position will suffer.

Our success depends in large part on our ability to develop or license intellectual property rights to protect our proprietary products and technologies.  This involves complex legal, scientific, and factual questions and uncertainties.  We rely upon patent, trade secret, copyright and contract laws to protect proprietary technology and trademark law to protect brand identities.  However, we cannot assure you that any patent applications filed by, assigned to, or licensed to us will be granted, and that the scope of any of our issued or licensed patents will be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection.  In addition, our issued patents or patents licensed to us could be successfully challenged, invalidated, held to be unenforceable, or circumvented so that our patent rights would not create an effective competitive barrier.  We also cannot assure you that the inventors of the patents and applications that we own or license were the first to invent or the first to file on the inventions, or that a third party will not claim ownership in one of our patents or patent applications.  We cannot assure you that a third party does not have or will not obtain patents that dominate the patents we own or license now or in the future.  Furthermore, we rely on exclusive, world-wide licenses relating to the production of human cells granted to us by the University of Michigan.  If we materially breach such agreements or otherwise fail to materially comply with such agreements, or if such agreements expire or are otherwise terminated by us, we may lose our rights under the patents held by the University of Michigan.  At the latest, each of these licenses will terminate when the patent underlying the license expires, with the last to expire during the third quarter of 2014.  Once the patents expire, third parties may be able to practice the inventions covered by those patents and thus compete with us.

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Patent law relating to the scope of claims in the biotechnology field is evolving and our patent rights in this country and abroad are subject to this uncertainty.

We also rely on trade secrets and un-patentable know-how that we seek to protect, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, suppliers and licensees.  These agreements may be breached, and we might not have adequate remedies for any breach.  Our competitors may also independently develop technologies substantially equivalent or superior to ours.  If this were to occur, our business and competitive position would suffer.

Intellectual property litigation could harm our business.

Our success will also depend in part on our ability to develop commercially viable products without infringing the proprietary rights of others.  Our cell processing system and cell compositions utilize a wide variety of technologies and we can give no assurance that we have identified or can identify all inventions and patents that may be infringed by development and manufacture of our cell compositions.  Although we have not been subject to any filed infringement claims, patents could exist or could be filed which would prohibit or limit our ability to market our products or maintain our competitive position.  In the event of an intellectual property dispute, we may be forced to litigate.  Such litigation is typically protracted and the results are unpredictable.  Intellectual property litigation would divert management’s attention from developing our products and would force us to incur substantial costs regardless of whether we are successful.  An adverse outcome could subject us to significant liabilities to third parties including treble damages and the opposing party’s attorney fees, and force us to pay significant license fees and royalties or cease the development and sale of our products and processes.

We have hired and will continue to hire individuals who have experience in cell culture and cell based therapeutics and may have confidential trade secret or proprietary information of third parties.  We caution these individuals not to use or reveal this third-party information, but we cannot assure you that these individuals will not use or reveal this third-party information.  Thus, we could be sued for misappropriation of proprietary information and trade secrets.  Such claims are expensive to defend and could divert our attention and could result in substantial damage awards and injunctions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may need to initiate lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or other proprietary rights, which would be expensive and, if unsuccessful, may cause us to lose some of our intellectual property rights.

To protect or enforce our patent rights, it may be necessary for us to initiate patent litigation proceedings against third parties, such as infringement suits or interference proceedings.  These lawsuits would be expensive, take significant time and would divert management’s attention from other business concerns.  These lawsuits could put our patents at risk of being invalidated, held unenforceable, or interpreted narrowly, and our patent applications at risk of not being issued.  Further, these lawsuits may provoke the defendants to assert claims against us.  The patent position of biotechnology firms is highly uncertain, involves complex legal and factual questions and recently has been the subject of much litigation.  We cannot assure you that we will prevail in any of such suits or proceedings or that the damages or other remedies awarded to us, if any, will be commercially valuable.

The government maintains certain rights in technology that we develop using government grant money and we may lose the revenues from such technology if we do not commercialize and utilize the technology pursuant to established government guidelines.

Certain of our and our licensors’ research have been or are being funded in part by government grants.  As a result of such funding, the U.S. Government has established guidelines and has certain rights in the technology developed with the grant.  These rights include a non-exclusive, fully paid-up, worldwide license under such inventions for any governmental purpose.  In addition, the U.S. Government has the right to require us to grant an exclusive license under any of such inventions to a third party if the U.S. Government determines that: (i) adequate steps have not been taken to commercialize such inventions; (ii) such action is necessary to meet public health or safety needs; or (iii) such action is necessary to meet requirements for public use under federal regulations.  Additionally, under the federal Bayh Dole Act, a party which acquires an exclusive license for an invention that was partially funded by a federal research grant is subject to the following government rights: (i) products using the

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invention which are sold in the United States are to be manufactured substantially in the United States, unless a waiver is obtained; (ii) the government may force the granting of a license to a third party who will make and sell the needed product if the licensee does not pursue reasonable commercialization of a needed product using the invention; and (iii) the U.S. Government may use the invention for its own needs.  If we fail to meet these guidelines, we would lose our exclusive rights to these products, and we would lose potential revenue derived from the sale of these products.

Potential product liability claims could affect our earnings and financial condition.

We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the manufacture and/or use of our products during clinical trials, or after commercialization, results in adverse events.  As a result, we may incur significant product liability exposure, which could exceed existing insurance coverage.  We may not be able to maintain adequate levels of insurance at reasonable cost and/or reasonable terms.  Excessive insurance costs or uninsured claims would increase our operating loss and adversely affect our financial condition.

Risks Related to an Investment in our Common Stock

We may be unable to continue as a going concern in which case our securities will have little or no value.

We have incurred substantial losses since inception and have a net capital deficiency.  This raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.  In the event we are not able to continue operations you will likely suffer a complete loss of your investment in our securities.

Our stock price has been volatile and future sales of substantial numbers of our shares could have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares.

The market price of shares of our common stock has been volatile, ranging in closing price between $0.67 and $1.47 during the quarter ended March 31, 2013.  The price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as:

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·      delisting from the NASDAQ Capital Market.

Any of these events may cause the price of our shares to fall, which may adversely affect our business and financing opportunities.  In addition, the stock market in general and the market prices for biotechnology companies in particular have experienced significant volatility recently that often has been unrelated to the operating performance or financial conditions of such companies.  These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance or prospects.

Our stock may be delisted from NASDAQ, which could affect its market price and liquidity.

Currently, our common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market.  Continued listing of a security on NASDAQ is conditioned upon compliance with various continued listing standards, which require, among other things, that for 30 consecutive trading days the closing minimum bid price for our listed securities not be lower than $1.00 per share.  Our common stock bid price has fallen below $1.00 per share and our common stock is in jeopardy of being delisted.  On May 9, 2013, we received notice from NASDAQ that we have 180 calendar days, or until November 5, 2013, to meet this threshold to maintain the listing of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market.  We intend to regain compliance prior to the expiration of the notice periods.  While we are exercising diligent efforts to maintain the listing of our common stock on NASDAQ, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet this threshold within the required timeframe.  We may receive a second 180 day grace period if certain conditions are met.  Additionally, NASDAQ rules permit us to appeal to a NASDAQ Hearings Panel.

If we are unable to maintain or regain compliance in a timely manner and our common stock is delisted, it could be more difficult to buy or sell our common stock and obtain accurate quotations, and the price of our stock could suffer a material decline.  Delisting may also impair our ability to raise capital.  Moreover, if we were delisted we would be subject to rules that impose additional sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell our securities.  The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by these requirements could discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could severely limit the market liquidity of the common stock and your ability to sell our securities in the secondary market.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value per share of the common stock you purchase.

Because the public offering price per share of our common stock is higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering.  Based on an assumed public offering price of $0.59 per share, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of approximately $0.74 per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock.  See the section entitled “Dilution” in this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock in this offering.

The sale of our common stock through future equity offerings may cause dilution and could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We have registered $100,000,000 of securities for public sale pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 declared effective in July 2011.  In addition, we registered $75,000,000 of securities for public sale pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 filed in November 2010.  In December 2010, we offered 10,000,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock under such registration statement and pursuant to a prospectus supplement first made available on December 10, 2010.  Additionally, we entered into an ATM on June 16, 2011, which has remaining capacity of approximately $17,300,000 through sales of our common stock from time to time under such registration statement.  However, there are certain factors, such as volume of trading in our stock, our stock price and the ability to terminate the agreement with notice, which limit the amount that can be raised in a short period of time through the ATM.

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Sales of our common stock offered through future equity offerings may result in substantial dilution to the interests of other holders of our common stock.  The sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock to investors, or anticipation of such sales, could make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and at a price that we might otherwise wish to effect sales.

Eastern Capital Limited, holds a large percentage of our outstanding capital stock and has significant influence over the outcome of corporate actions requiring shareholder approval; and such shareholder’s priorities for our business may be different from other shareholders.

Eastern Capital Limited has not entered into a Lock-Up agreement in connection with this offering.  All of the accumulated dividends in Series B-1 non-voting preferred stock and outstanding Series B-2 voting preferred stock, representing a significant amount of our outstanding capital stock on a fully-converted basis, are held by Eastern Capital Limited.  The accumulated dividends in our Series B-1 non-voting preferred stock are exchangeable for shares of Series B-2 voting preferred stock and, in March 2017, are convertible into shares of our common stock.  Based solely on the number of shares of Series B-2 Preferred Stock that Eastern Capital held as of March 31, 2013, Eastern Capital has beneficial ownership of approximately twenty-one percent (21%) (calculated on an as converted to common stock basis and excluding any shares that will accrue as a dividend on the shares of Series B-2 Preferred) of our voting securities based on the approximately fifty-eight million shares of common stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock outstanding as of May 8, 2013.  Furthermore, in connection with the March 2012 financing, we amended our Shareholder Rights Plan described below under “Description of Capital Stock” to allow Eastern Capital to acquire beneficial ownership of up to 49.9% of the Company’s outstanding securities without being deemed an “Acquiring Person” for purposes of our Shareholder Rights Plan.  As a result of their current ownership and their ability to acquire more of our securities, they will be able to significantly influence the outcome of any financing transaction or other matter submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors, any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets or any other significant corporate transaction.  The interests of Eastern Capital may differ from the interests of our other shareholders.  For example, Eastern Capital could delay or prevent a change of control of Aastrom even if such a change of control would benefit Aastrom’s other shareholders.  The significant concentration of stock ownership may adversely affect the trading price of Aastrom’s common stock due to our investors’ perception that conflicts of interest may exist or arise.

In addition, the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and the shares of Series B-2 Preferred Stock which may be issued upon exchange of the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock have certain rights, preferences and privileges that rank senior to the shares of our common stock.  For example, the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and Series B-2 Preferred Stock are entitled to receive a liquidation preference prior to any payment being made to holders of common stock upon a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or if we experience a change of control.  Furthermore, if the shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock are never exchanged for shares of Series B-2 Preferred Stock and/or converted into shares of our common stock, at any time after March 2017, we may be required to redeem the then outstanding shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock and any dividend shares accrued thereon at a price equal to the greater of (A) $3,250 (subject to adjustments for stock splits and similar events) plus all accrued dividends and (B) the then fair market value of a share of common stock multiplied by the number of shares of common stock into which such share of Series B-1 Preferred Stock is then convertible.  Such redemption would be completed in three annual installments beginning not more than 120 days after we receive a request for redemption.  The requirement for us to redeem Eastern Capital’s shares of Series B-1 Preferred Stock in cash could diminish our working capital, the consequences of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition and prospects.

Our corporate documents and Michigan law contain provisions that may make it more difficult for us to be acquired.

Our Board of Directors has the authority, without shareholder approval, to issue additional shares of preferred stock and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of these shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders.  Michigan law contains a provision that makes it more difficult for a 10% shareholder, or its officers, to acquire a company.  This authority, together with certain provisions of our charter documents, may have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, control of our company.  This effect could occur even if our shareholders consider the change in control to

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be in their best interest.  We have adopted a shareholder rights plan, the purpose of which is, among other things, to enhance our Board’s ability to protect shareholder interests and to ensure that shareholders receive fair treatment in the event any coercive takeover attempt of our company is made in the future.  The shareholder rights plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from acquiring, our company or a large block of our company’s common stock.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus, including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. Any statements about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but are not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “plans,” “projects,” “trends,” “opportunity,” “comfortable,” “current,” “intention,” “position,” “assume,” “potential,” “outlook,” “remain,” “continue,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” “continuing,” “ongoing,” “expects,” “believe,” “intend” and similar words or phrases, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” or similar expressions. Accordingly, these statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in them. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this report, and in particular those factors referenced in the section “Risk Factors.”

Because the factors referred to in the preceding paragraph could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements we make, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors will arise.  In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding:

·        potential strategic collaborations with others;

·        future capital needs;

·        adequacy of existing capital to support operations for a specified time;

·        product development and marketing plans;

·        features and successes of our cellular therapies;

·        manufacturing and facility capabilities;

·        clinical trial plans and anticipated results, including the publication thereof;

·        anticipation of future losses;

·        replacement of manufacturing sources;

·        commercialization plans; or

·        revenue expectations and operating results.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate the net proceeds from the sale of common stock from this offering will be approximately $23,150,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated transaction expenses payable by us of approximately $1,850,000 (or net proceeds of approximately $26,675,000 if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full), in each case assuming a public offering price of $0.59 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on May 8, 2013.

Unless otherwise provided in a supplement or amendment to this prospectus, we intend to use any net proceeds from this offering, together with other available funds, for operating costs, including continuing to conduct our clinical development programs, capital expenditures and working capital needs and for other general corporate purposes.

We have not specifically identified the precise amounts we will spend on each of these areas or the timing of these expenditures.  The amounts actually expended for each purpose may vary significantly depending upon numerous factors, including the amount and timing of the proceeds from this offering, progress with clinical product development and other cell therapy application programs.  In addition, expenditures may also depend on the establishment of new collaborative arrangements with other companies, the availability of other financing, and other factors.

We will be required to raise substantial additional capital to continue to fund the clinical development of our cell therapy applications.  We may raise additional capital through additional public or private financings, as well as collaborative relationships, incurring debt and other available sources.  Please see the discussion of the risks associated with our liquidity in the section “Risk Factors.”

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2013:

·                 on an actual basis;

·                  on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give further effect to our issuance and sale of $25,000,000 of shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $0.59 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on May 8, 2013, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The table above does not include:

·                 11,087,468 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2013 at a weighted-average exercise price of $2.27 per share;

·                 5,574,209 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2013 at exercise prices of $12.72 per share (October 2007-740,131 shares), $2.44 per  share (January 2010-4,525,978 shares) and $1.25 per share (December 2010-308,100 shares), which warrants are exercisable to purchase common stock; and

·                 12,308 shares of preferred stock outstanding as of March 31, 2013.

Each $0.50 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $0.59 per share, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Capital Market on May 8, 2013, would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets and total stockholders’ equity by approximately $19,915,000, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. Each increase of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets and total stockholders’ equity by approximately $600,000, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each decrease of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would decrease the as adjusted amount of cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets and total stockholders’ equity by approximately $600,000, assuming that the assumed public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

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DILUTION

If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.

The net tangible book value of our common stock as of March 31, 2013 was a deficit of $36,572,000, or $(0.80) per share.  Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets less our total tangible liabilities, divided by the number of shares of common stock before giving effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into shares of common stock upon the completion of this offering.  The pro forma net tangible book value of our common stock as of March 31, 2013 was a deficit of $13,472,000, or a deficit of $(0.15) per share.

Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of common stock in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the completion of this offering.  After giving effect to our issuance and sale of $25,000,000 of shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $0.59 per share, which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on May 8, 2013, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma net tangible book value as of March 31, 2013 would have been $(0.15) per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $0.65 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $0.74 per share to purchasers of common stock in this offering, as illustrated in the following table:

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UNDERWRITING

We and the underwriters named below have entered into an underwriting agreement with respect to the shares of common stock being offered.  Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase from us the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below.  JMP Securities LLC is the representative of the underwriters.

The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to each underwriter’s acceptance of the shares of common stock from us and subject to prior sale.  The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of each underwriter to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus is subject to the approval of certain legal matters by its counsel and to certain other conditions.  Each underwriter is obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock if any such shares are taken.  However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares of common stock covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

Over-Allotment Option

We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of $3,750,000 additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions.  The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus.

Commission and Expenses

The underwriters have advised us that they propose to offer the shares of common stock to the public at the initial public offering prices set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $          per share of common stock.  After this offering, the initial public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be changed by the underwriters.  No such change shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.  The shares of common stock are offered by the underwriters subject to various conditions as stated herein, including receipt and acceptance by it and its right to reject any order in whole or in part.  The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters by us in connection with this offering.  Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase additional shares.

We estimate that expenses payable by us in connection with this offering (including the reimbursement of the underwriters’ expenses described in this paragraph), other than the underwriting discounts and commissions referred to above, will be approximately $350,000.  We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the underwriters and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred by the underwriters in an amount not to exceed $150,000 in the aggregate.

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Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

Lock-up Agreements

We and our officers and directors have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of the underwriting agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired without the prior written consent of JMP Securities, LLC.  This 90-day period may be extended if (1) during the last 17 days of the 90-day period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event regarding us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 90-day period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day period, then the period of such extension will be 18 days, beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.  JMP Securities, LLC may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

Electronic Distribution

This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriters, or by their affiliates.  Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by any underwriter is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriters in their capacity as underwriters, and should not be relied upon by investors.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions and syndicate covering transactions in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:

·                                          Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.

·                                          Over-allotment involves sales by the underwriters of shares in excess of the number of shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of shares over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing shares in the open market.

·                                          Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of shares of the common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which it may purchase shares through the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more shares than could be covered by the over-allotment option, a naked short position, the position can only be closed out by buying shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure

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on the price of the shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering.

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any representations that the underwriters will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Listing and Transfer Agent

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market and trades under the symbol “ASTM.”  The transfer agent of our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.

Other

The underwriters and/or their affiliates have provided, and may in the future provide, various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they have received and, may in the future receive, customary fees. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, the underwriters have not provided any investment banking or other financial services during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus and we do not expect to retain the underwriters to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus.

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MICHIGAN LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND

BYLAWS

We are subject to certain anti-takeover provisions of the MBCA that could delay or make more difficult a merger or tender offer involving Aastrom.  Chapter 7A of the MBCA prevents, in general, an “interested shareholder” (defined generally as a person owning 10% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting shares) from engaging in a “business combination” (as defined therein) with a Michigan corporation unless: (a) the board of directors issues an advisory statement, holders of 90% of the shares of each class of stock entitled to vote approve the transaction, and holders of two-thirds of the “disinterested” shares of each class of stock approve the transaction; or (b) the interested shareholder has been an interested shareholder for at least five years and has not acquired beneficial ownership of any additional shares of the corporation subsequent to the transaction which resulted in such shareholder being classified as an interested shareholder, and meets certain requirements, including provisions relating to the fairness of the price and the form of consideration paid; or (c) the board of directors, by resolution, exempts a particular interested shareholder from these provisions prior to the interested shareholder becoming an interested shareholder. The MBCA also contains certain other provisions that could have anti-takeover effects.

Our Charter does not provide shareholders with the right to act without a meeting and does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors.  The amendment of any of these provisions would require approval by holders of at least a majority of the shares of our outstanding common stock.

These and other provisions of our Charter or Bylaws, as well as our Shareholder Rights Plan described below under “Description of Capital Stock”, could have the effect of deterring certain takeovers or delaying or preventing certain changes in control or management of Aastrom, including transactions in which shareholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then-current market prices.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

We are offering $25,000,000 of shares of common stock or $28,750,000 of shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full.  The following briefly summarizes the general terms and provisions of our shares of common stock.  You should read the provisions of our articles of incorporation, as amended, bylaws and other relevant instruments and agreements relating to our securities before you make an investment decision with respect to our shares of common stock.

The following description of our common stock and certain provisions of our articles of incorporation, as amended, or Charter, and our amended and restated bylaws, or Bylaws, is a summary and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our Charter and Bylaws.

Our authorized capital stock consists of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, no par value per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, no par value per share.  Please see “Certain Provisions of Michigan Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws; Shareholder Rights Plan; Transfer Agent and Registrar” for a description of those provisions in our Charter and Bylaws that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Aastrom and that would operate only with respect to an extraordinary corporate transaction involving us or our subsidiaries.

Common Stock

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders.  We do not have a classified board of directors and shareholders do not have cumulative voting rights.  Holders of common stock have no preemptive, redemption or conversion rights and are not subject to future calls or assessments.  No sinking fund provisions apply to our common stock.  All outstanding shares are fully-paid and non-assessable.  In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in assets available for distribution, subject to any prior distribution rights of any preferred stock then outstanding.  Holders of common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any such dividends declared by our Board, out of legally available funds for dividends, subject to any preferences that may be applicable to any shares of preferred stock that may be outstanding at that time.  The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are set forth in our Charter, which may be amended by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock.  We have adopted a shareholder rights plan, which could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from acquiring, our company or a large block of our common stock.  Please see the description above in “Certain Provisions of Michigan Law and of our Charter and Bylaws; Transfer Agent and Registrar.”

Shareholder Rights Plan

On August 11, 2011, Aastrom’s Board of Directors adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan, as set forth in the Shareholder Rights Agreement between Aastrom and the rights agent, the purpose of which is, among other things, to enhance the Board’s ability to protect shareholder interests and to ensure that shareholders receive fair treatment in the event any coercive takeover attempt of Aastrom is made in the future.  The Shareholder Rights Plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from acquiring, Aastrom or a large block of our common stock.  The following summary description of the Shareholder Rights Plan should be read in conjunction with the Shareholder Rights Plan, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to a Registration Statement on Form 8-A on August 12, 2011 and amended in March 2012 to allow Eastern Capital to acquire beneficial ownership of up to 49.9% of the Company’s outstanding securities without being deemed an “Acquiring Person” for purposes of our Shareholder Rights Plan.

In connection with the adoption of the Shareholder Rights Plan, the Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one preferred stock purchase right (a “Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock to shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 15, 2011.  In addition, one Right will automatically attach to each share of common stock issued between August 15, 2011 and the distribution date.  The Rights currently are not exercisable and are attached to and trade with the outstanding shares of common stock.  Under the Shareholder Rights Plan, the Rights become exercisable if a person or group becomes an “acquiring person” by acquiring 15% or more of the outstanding shares of common stock or if a person or group commences a tender offer

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that would result in that person owning 15% or more of the common stock.  If a person or group becomes an “acquiring person,” each holder of a Right (other than the acquiring person and its affiliates, associates and transferees) would be entitled to purchase, at the then-current exercise price, such number of shares of our preferred stock which are equivalent to shares of common stock having a value of twice the exercise price of the Right.  If Aastrom is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction after any such event, each holder of a Right would then be entitled to purchase, at the then-current exercise price, shares of the acquiring company’s common stock having a value of twice the exercise price of the Right.

The Rights may be redeemed in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right (payable in cash, common stock or other consideration deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors) by the Board of Directors only until the earlier of (i) the time at which any person becomes an “acquiring person” or (ii) the expiration date of the Rights Agreement.  Immediately upon the action of the Board of Directors ordering redemption of the Rights, the Right will terminate and thereafter the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the redemption price.  The Rights will expire at the close of business on August 15, 2021, unless previously redeemed or exchanged by Aastrom as described above.

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MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ASTM.”  Our common stock has, from time to time, traded on a limited, sporadic and volatile basis.  The table below shows the high and low sales prices for our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported by NASDAQ.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters, including the legality of the securities offered, will be passed upon for us by Dykema Gossett PLLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan, acting as special counsel to the Company.  In connection with the offering, other legal matters will be passed upon for us by Goodwin Procter, LLP. Morrison & Foerster LLP will pass on certain legal matters for the underwriters.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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GLOSSARY

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$25,000,000

Common Stock

Prospectus

                , 2013.

JMP Securities

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Part II—INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The expenses payable by Aastrom Biosciences, Inc. (the “Registrant” or the “Company”) in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered (other than underwriting discounts and commissions, if any) are set forth below.  Each item listed is estimated, except for the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) registration fee.

*           Estimated expenses not presently known

Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Sections 1561 through 1571 of the Michigan Business Corporation Act (the “MBCA”) authorize a corporation to grant or a court to award, indemnity to directors, officers, employees and agents in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under certain circumstances for liabilities (including reimbursement for expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act of 1933”).

The Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”) provide that the Company shall, to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by the MBCA, or other applicable law, indemnify a director or officer who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, against expenses, including actual and reasonable attorneys’ fees, and amounts paid in settlement incurred in connection with the action or suit, if the indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the Company or its shareholders. This section also authorizes the Company to advance expenses incurred by any agent of the Company in defending any proceeding prior to the final disposition of such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the agent to repay such amount unless it shall be determined ultimately that the agent is entitled to be indemnified.

The Bylaws also authorize the Company to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company against any liability asserted against or incurred by such person in such capacity or arising out of such person’s status as such, regardless of whether the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of the MBCA.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with certain individuals which contain provisions that may in some respects be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained under applicable law.  The indemnification agreement may require the Company, among other things, to indemnify such directors, officers and key personnel against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees of the Company, to advance the expenses incurred by such parties as a result of any threatened claims or proceedings brought against them as to which they could be indemnified, and to the maximum extent that insurance coverage of such directors, officers and key employees under the Company’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies is maintained.

Section 1209 of the MBCA permits a Michigan corporation to include in its articles of incorporation a provision eliminating or limiting a director’s liability to a corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breaches of

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fiduciary duty.  The enabling statute provides, however, that liability for breaches of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct or knowing violations of the law, or the receipt of improper personal benefits cannot be eliminated or limited in this manner.  The Company’s Restated Articles of Incorporation (as amended, the “Charter”) includes a provision which eliminates, to the fullest extent permitted by the MBCA, director liability for monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty.

Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

The following is a summary of all securities that we have sold within the past three years without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

On March 9, 2012, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Eastern Capital Limited, a Cayman exempted company (“ECL”), to sell 12,308 shares of Series B-1 Non-Voting Preferred Stock in a private placement to ECL, an “accredited investor” (as defined in Regulation D) under the Securities Act, at a price of $3,250.00 per share.  The Series B-1 Shares were exchanged on a one-for-one basis for shares of the Series B-2 Voting Preferred Stock of the Company.  The sales of the shares of Series B preferred stock were made only to a select number of accredited investors in reliance upon the exemptions from registration afforded by Rule 506 of Regulation D as promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act and/or Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On June 27, 2012, the Company entered into separate warrant exchange agreements with each of certain holders of the Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase the Company’s common stock, issued in connection with the Company’s December 2010 public offering, with an exercise price of $3.22 and an expiration date of December 15, 2015.  Pursuant to such warrant exchange agreements, on June 27, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,833,334 shares of Common Stock to Great Point Partners and its affiliated investment funds, Heights Capital Management and its affiliated investment funds, Deerfield Capital and its affiliated investment funds, and Millenium Management and its affiliated investment funds in exchange for the surrender of an aggregate of 7,666,666 warrants.

On July 30, 2012, the Company announced the results of its previously announced offer to exchange (the “Exchange Offer”) any warrant to purchase shares of common stock, no par value per share, of the Company issued in connection with the Company’s December 2010 public offering, that was tendered and accepted, for shares of the Company’s common stock.  Such Exchange Offer was made upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Company’s offer to exchange, dated June 28, 2012, and in the related Exchange Offer materials filed as exhibits to the Tender Offer Statement on Schedule TO originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2012, as amended.  The Exchange Offer expired at 5:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, on Friday, July 27, 2012.

The issuance of shares of Common Stock in the warrant exchanges was made pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act.  No proceeds were received and no commissions were paid by the Company in connection with the Exchange Offer.

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statements Schedules

(a)         Exhibits

A list of exhibits filed with this registration statement on Form S-1 is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.

(b)         Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules have been omitted because either they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise set forth in the financial statements and related notes thereto.

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Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:

(a)         For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the information omitted from a form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(b)         For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Ann Arbor, state of Michigan on May 13, 2013.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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#                                                                          Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement covering executive officers or directors of Aastrom.

##                                                                     Filed herewith.

*                                                                            Previously filed.

Exhibit 1.1

[·] Shares
Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
Common Stock
(no par value)
Underwriting Agreement
dated [·], 2013

[·], 2013